1986), and PCR based DNA markers ( Baum et al. The genetic diversity in wild barley populations has been studied by using a number of different genetic markers, including storage proteins ( Doll and Brown 1979, Nevo et al. At the same time, despite the facts that Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia and barley is second important cereal crop after wheat in Kazakhstan, there were no reports on characterization of the genetic diversity of wild barley grown in Kazakhstan. 2001), which is the marginal distribution area of this subspecies ( Bothmer et al. There are several reports describing the extent and structure of the genetic variation of wild barley populations in some parts of Central Asia ( Turuspekov et al. There are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that most genetic variation of wild barley is concentrated in populations that grow in the Middle East ( Nevo 1992). spontaneum, is a direct progenitor of cultivated barley and valuable genetic resource for its improvement for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and productivity. spontaneum populations in Kazakhstan probably represent a recent spread of a limited number of plants from the primary distribution area and might be well adapted to winter low temperature. The level of genetic diversity of wild barley populations from Kazakhstan was predictably narrower (He = 0.19 ± 0.01) in comparison with wild barley samples from the Middle East (He = 0.29 ± 0.01). In total 233 polymorphic SNPs were selected for further statistical analysis. The oligonucleotide pooled assay was used to genotype 384 SNPs distributed throughout the genome. A genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed in order to study the level of the genetic diversity in 96 accessions representing 14 wild barley populations from Kazakhstan and 25 accessions from the Middle East which is the center of diversity of this subspecies. It was found that distribution of wild barley populations in Kazakhstan is restricted to the most southern province. The purpose of this work was to study the area of distribution as well as the extent and structure of genetic variation of wild barley populations grown in Kazakhstan. spontaneum, is a valuable source for gene enrichment of cultivated barley. The wild ancestral form of barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp.
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